{"id":107,"date":"2026-04-03T13:29:38","date_gmt":"2026-04-03T13:29:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ai-diagrams.com\/vn\/refactoring-legacy-code-uml-composite-structure-diagrams\/"},"modified":"2026-04-03T13:29:38","modified_gmt":"2026-04-03T13:29:38","slug":"refactoring-legacy-code-uml-composite-structure-diagrams","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ai-diagrams.com\/vn\/refactoring-legacy-code-uml-composite-structure-diagrams\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n c\u0169 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh UML"},"content":{"rendered":"

C\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n c\u0169 th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u1ec1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c, che gi\u1ea5u m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ban \u0111\u1ea7u. Theo th\u1eddi gian, n\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u00edch t\u1ee5, khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u1ee7i ro v\u00e0 t\u1ed1n th\u1eddi gian. \u0110\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00fac s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh UML (CSD) tr\u1edf n\u00ean h\u1eefu \u00edch. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong, c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

T\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00fa ph\u00e1p m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u00ean trong trong khi v\u1eabn b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n h\u00e0nh vi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 CSD cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e1ch t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u0169 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

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\"Sketch-style<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh UML \ud83d\udcd0<\/h2>\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t trong Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t (UML). Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 L\u1edbp ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, v\u1ed1n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1edbp, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 CSD ph\u01a1i b\u00e0y c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. N\u00f3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o n\u00ean t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng g\u00ec, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o:<\/p>\n

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  • C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn:<\/strong> C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u00ean trong t\u1ea1o n\u00ean b\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n
  • Vai tr\u00f2:<\/strong> C\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n m\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac.<\/li>\n
  • C\u1ed5ng:<\/strong> C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c n\u01a1i c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n
  • C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 n\u1ed1i:<\/strong> C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n c\u0169, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 CSD ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c ng\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng L\u1edbp A g\u1ecdi L\u1edbp B; m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra. S\u1ef1 minh b\u1ea1ch n\u00e0y l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 ranh gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n

    C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/h3>\n

    Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

      \n
    • C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn:<\/strong> \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt v\u1edbi ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng \u00abpart\u00bb. M\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3u (l\u1edbp) v\u00e0 t\u00ean (\u0111\u1ecbnh danh th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n).<\/li>\n
    • Giao di\u1ec7n:<\/strong> \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u h\u00ecnh k\u1eb9o m\u00fat. C\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea7u tr\u00ean que (\u1ed5 c\u1eafm), trong khi c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n cung c\u1ea5p l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n tr\u00ean que (k\u1eb9o m\u00fat).<\/li>\n
    • S\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c:<\/strong> Th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p.<\/li>\n
    • C\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9:<\/strong> C\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng li\u1ec1n n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng. Ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 ra c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      T\u1ea1i sao n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng CSD \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n c\u0169? \ud83e\udde9<\/h2>\n

      C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u0169 th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi ‘m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n h\u1ed7n \u0111\u1ed9n’, n\u01a1i logic b\u1ecb r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1edd nh\u1ea1t. C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ghi l\u1ea1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 CSD gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

      D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n

        \n
      • T\u00ednh minh b\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c \u1ea9n:<\/strong> N\u00f3 ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn b\u00ean trong ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nhau, \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u1ea9n trong m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n.<\/li>\n
      • Nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n s\u1ef1\u8026 h\u1ee3p cao:<\/strong> B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00f3a c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n
      • X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ranh gi\u1edbi:<\/strong> N\u00f3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/li>\n
      • An to\u00e0n khi t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac:<\/strong> Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong cho ph\u00e9p th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i an to\u00e0n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        X\u00e9t m\u1ed9t m\u00f4-\u0111un x\u1eed l\u00fd thanh to\u00e1n c\u0169. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb m\u1ed9t PaymentProcessor<\/code>l\u1edbp. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p s\u1ebd cho th\u1ea5y l\u1edbp n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t Validator<\/code>ph\u1ea7n, m\u1ed9t Gateway<\/code>ph\u1ea7n, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Logger<\/code>ph\u1ea7n. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

        Quy tr\u00ecnh t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

        T\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc sau \u0111\u00e2y n\u00eau r\u00f5 quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a v\u00e0 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n c\u0169.<\/p>\n

        B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ng\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/h3>\n

        Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00edch xu\u1ea5t ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong t\u1eeb c\u01a1 s\u1edf m\u00e3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3.<\/p>\n

          \n
        • X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau:<\/strong>Ch\u1ecdn th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. Th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n g\u00e2y ra nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ed7i ho\u1eb7c nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn nh\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n
        • Tr\u00edch xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n:<\/strong>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u00ean trong. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n.<\/li>\n
        • B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00f3a giao di\u1ec7n:<\/strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng khai (cung c\u1ea5p) v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 (y\u00eau c\u1ea7u).<\/li>\n
        • T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng:<\/strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0o v\u00e0 ra c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 cho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          B\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra b\u1ea3n nh\u00e1p ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

          B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9<\/h3>\n

          Sau khi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c l\u1eddi g\u1ecdi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c b\u00ean trong th\u00e2n l\u1edbp.<\/p>\n

            \n
          • Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch lu\u1ed3ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c:<\/strong>Theo d\u00f5i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c thi t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n sang ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n
          • X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft:<\/strong>V\u1ebd c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng n\u00e0y. \u0110\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111i.<\/li>\n
          • Ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n b\u1ecb t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i. C\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho th\u1ea5y m\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c logic ch\u1ebft.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            S\u1ef1 tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng d\u01b0 th\u1eeba m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n

            B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u00e0 t\u00ednh g\u1eafn k\u1ebft<\/h3>\n

            Khi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed sau \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
            Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1<\/th>\nM\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
            Li\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9<\/td>\nC\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o nhau?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng giao di\u1ec7n<\/td>\nC\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hay b\u1ecb tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            \u0110\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ed5ng<\/td>\nC\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng (th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9) hay qu\u00e1 h\u1eb9p?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            Lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\nD\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 \u0111i qua qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea7n trung gian kh\u00f4ng?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n

            Li\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 cao cho th\u1ea5y c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i chia nh\u1ecf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c module. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea7n truy c\u1eadp tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 giao di\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y vi ph\u1ea1m t\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i.<\/p>\n

            B\u01b0\u1edbc 4: \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u1eabu tinh ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/h3>\n

            D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tinh ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. CSD h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n tr\u00edch xu\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c di chuy\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

              \n
            • Tr\u00edch xu\u1ea5t giao di\u1ec7n:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c, h\u00e3y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t giao di\u1ec7n chung \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m li\u00ean k\u1ebft.<\/li>\n
            • Di chuy\u1ec3n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t logic thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n thay v\u00ec ph\u1ea7n h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh, h\u00e3y di chuy\u1ec3n n\u00f3.<\/li>\n
            • Thay th\u1ebf logic \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh vi, h\u00e3y thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng m\u1eabu Strategy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n.<\/li>\n
            • Chia nh\u1ecf ph\u1ea7n h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu l\u1edbp h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh \u0111ang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c, h\u00e3y chia n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ch\u00fang th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              M\u1ed7i thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec.<\/p>\n

              B\u01b0\u1edbc 5: X\u00e1c minh v\u00e0 Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed<\/h3>\n

              Sau khi t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3i kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n

                \n
              • C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3:<\/strong>S\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i CSD \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u1edbi.<\/li>\n
              • Ch\u1ea1y ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed h\u1ed3i quy:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o h\u00e0nh vi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/li>\n
              • Xem x\u00e9t m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n:<\/strong>C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c minh r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u1edbi ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                C\u00e1c m\u1eabu v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \ud83d\udea6<\/h2>\n

                M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u00f9i ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean trong m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n c\u0169. CSD gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

                1. L\u1edbp Th\u1ea7n<\/h3>\n

                M\u1ed9t l\u1edbp ch\u1ee9a logic cho nhi\u1ec1u tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c nhau. CSD ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n

                  \n
                • Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p:<\/strong>Ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch l\u1edbp th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p.<\/li>\n
                • D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u tr\u1ef1c quan:<\/strong>M\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt duy nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ed5ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  2. S\u1ef1 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u00f2 r\u1ec9<\/h3>\n

                  Khi chi ti\u1ebft tri\u1ec3n khai n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 b\u1ecb ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 ra b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Trong CSD, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y tr\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u00f3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p:<\/strong>Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n m\u1eb7t n\u1ea1 ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 che gi\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9.<\/li>\n
                  • D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u tr\u1ef1c quan:<\/strong>C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi ranh gi\u1edbi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    3. S\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00f2ng kh\u00e9p k\u00edn ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd<\/h3>\n

                    Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n A g\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n B, v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n B g\u1ecdi l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n A. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1.<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    • Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p:<\/strong>Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trung gian ho\u1eb7c giao di\u1ec7n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c.<\/li>\n
                    • D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u tr\u1ef1c quan:<\/strong>M\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng k\u00edn c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c trong vi\u1ec7c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u0169 \u26a0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

                      M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 CSD l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang v\u00e0o m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n c\u0169 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

                        \n
                      • Thi\u1ebfu t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u0169 th\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ebfu t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh.<\/li>\n
                      • Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c ng\u1ea7m:<\/strong>C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n.<\/li>\n
                      • H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian:<\/strong>Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 chi ti\u1ebft t\u1ed1n th\u1eddi gian. H\u00e3y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 r\u1ee7i ro cao tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/li>\n
                      • H\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n c\u0169 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ea1y. C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u0129nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ghi l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                        \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p theo l\u1edbp. B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 CSD c\u1ea5p cao, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c module c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

                        C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u2705<\/h2>\n

                        \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n ra hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, h\u00e3y tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn sau.<\/p>\n

                          \n
                        • B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn:<\/strong>\u0110\u1eebng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac. H\u00e3y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t module g\u00e2y v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/li>\n
                        • Gi\u1eef cho n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt:<\/strong>Xem s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1ng. C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt n\u00f3 m\u1ed7i khi m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/li>\n
                        • T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o h\u00e0nh vi:<\/strong>\u0110\u1eebng ch\u1ec9 v\u1ebd c\u00e1c h\u1ed9p; h\u00e3y ghi ch\u00e9p lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n.<\/li>\n
                        • H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c:<\/strong>Tham gia c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ea5p cao v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/li>\n
                        • T\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a \u1edf m\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3:<\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1eeb m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ng\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                          T\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \ud83d\udd04<\/h2>\n

                          Vi\u1ec7c tinh ch\u1ec9nh m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n c\u0169 th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sang c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 vi m\u00f4. CSD \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u0169 ki\u1ec3u monolithic v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

                          B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n trong m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00edch xu\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadnB\u00e1o c\u00e1o<\/code> c\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u00edt ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadnC\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/code>, th\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u1ee9ng c\u1eed vi\u00ean cho vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

                          S\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e0y gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro di chuy\u1ec3n. B\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u1eefng ranh gi\u1edbi n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng giao di\u1ec7n n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng khai.<\/p>\n

                          K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \ud83d\udcdd<\/h2>\n

                          T\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n c\u0169 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac T\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p UML cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p b\u00ean trong m\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u01b0\u1eddng che gi\u1ea5u. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00f3a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed, vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft, l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 tin.<\/p>\n

                          M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ee3i \u00edch d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n bao g\u1ed3m gi\u1ea3m n\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                          C\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n c\u0169 th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u1ec1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c, che gi\u1ea5u m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ban \u0111\u1ea7u. Theo th\u1eddi gian, n\u1ee3 k\u1ef9…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":108,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"T\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n c\u0169 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac T\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p UML \ud83c\udfd7\ufe0f","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac T\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p UML h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u0169 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. C\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec ngay b\u00e2y gi\u1edd.","inline_featured_image":false,"fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[9,15],"class_list":["post-107","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uml","tag-academic","tag-composite-structure-diagram"],"yoast_head":"\nT\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n c\u0169 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac T\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p UML \ud83c\udfd7\ufe0f<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac T\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p UML h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u0169 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. 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